These routines provide an interface to the Apple System Log facility. They are intended to be a replacement for the syslog(3) API, which will continue to be supported for backwards compatibility.
You can use two interfaces in OS X to log messages: ASL and Syslog. You can also use a number of higher-level approaches such as NSLog. However, because most daemons are not linked against Foundation or the Application Kit, the low-level APIs are often more appropriate
It writes log messages to the Apple System Logging (asl) facility. This allows log messages to show up in Console.app.
It also checks to see if the application’s stderr stream is going to a terminal (such as when the application is being run via Xcode). If so it writes the log message to stderr (so that it shows up in the Xcode console).
To send a log message to the ASL facility, you basically open a client connection to the ASL daemon and send the message. BUT - each thread must use a separate client connection. So, to be thread safe, every time NSLog is called it opens a new asl client connection, sends the message, and then closes the connection.