> For the complete documentation index, see [llms.txt](https://philm.gitbook.io/philm-ios-wiki/llms.txt). Markdown versions of documentation pages are available by appending `.md` to page URLs; this page is available as [Markdown](https://philm.gitbook.io/philm-ios-wiki/mei-zhou-yue-du/ios-11wkwebview-nei-rong-guo-lv-gui-ze-xiang-jie.md).

# iOS 11：WKWebView内容过滤规则详解

WKWebView中新增了一个功能，可以对WebView的内容添加一些自定义的过滤规则。这个功能原来在 Safari Extension 中被引入，从 11 开始同样适用于WKWebView。

## 使用方法

原理上就是提供一个 JSON 给 WebKit，这个 JSON 包括内容的触发规则（trigger）和对应的处理方式（action）。比如：

```
[{
"trigger": {
"url-filter": ".*" },
"action": {
"type": "make-https"} 
}]
```

WebKit 会把拦截规则编译成高效的二进制码。使用方法如下：

```
WKContentRuleListStore.default().compileContentRuleList(
   forIdentifier: "ContentBlockingRules",
  encodedContentRuleList: jsonString) { (contentRuleList, error) in
    if let error = error {
         return
    }
  let configuration = WKWebViewConfiguration()          
  configuration.userContentController.add(ruleList!)  
}
```

## 可使用的处理方式：Action

对应的 Action 有以下几种：

* block

放弃加载资源，如果该资源已经缓存也忽略缓存

* block-cookies

所有发送的请求的header中都会过滤掉cookie

* css-display-none

隐藏使用 CSS selector 的页面元素，同时还有关联的selector：

```
"action": {
        "type": "css-display-none",
        "selector": "#newsletter, :matches(.main-page, .article) .news-overlay"
}
```

* ignore-previous-rules

前面触发的规则不执行

* make-https

把网页里的 http 请求改为 https 请求

## 规则触发器：trigger

触发器必须有`url-filter`，可选的键有：`resource-type`、`if-domain`、`unless-domain`

* url-filter

匹配 URL 的正则表达式

* if-domain 或者 unless-domain

if-domain：规则只在这些域名下起作用。unless-domain：这些域名除外。

* resource-type

资源的类型，对应的 value 有：

* document
* image
* style-sheet
* script
* font
* raw (Any untyped \*   load, such as XMLHttpRequest)
* svg-document
* media
* popup
* load-type

资源的归属。默认是全部的资源。如果收到填有两种 value：

* first-party

  只有当资源和页面的scheme、域名、端口一致时才触发
* third-party

  只有当资源和页面的域名不一致时才触发

举个 trigger 的示例就是：

```
"trigger": {
        "url-filter": ".*",
        "resource-type": ["image", "style-sheet"],
        "unless-domain": ["your-content-server.com", "trusted-content-server.com"]
}
```

## 总结

可以通过配置规则拦截页面里的资源请求、隐藏页面里的指定元素、将http请求转换成https。

## 参考

[Content Blocking Rules](https://developer.apple.com/library/content/documentation/Extensions/Conceptual/ContentBlockingRules/CreatingRules/CreatingRules.html)

[WWDC 17：customized\_loading\_in\_wkwebview](https://developer.apple.com/videos/play/wwdc2017/220/)


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